Table of Contents
- 1. ClickUp
- Key Features & Limitations
- 2. Trello
- Key Features & Limitations
- 3. Notion
- Key Features & Limitations
- 4. Jira Software (Cloud)
- Key Features & Limitations
- 5. Wrike
- Key Features & Limitations
- 6. Airtable
- Key Features & Limitations
- 7. MeisterTask
- Key Features & Limitations
- 8. Quire
- Key Features & Limitations
- 9. Freedcamp
- Key Features & Limitations
- 10. monday.com Work Management
- Key Features & Limitations
- 11. Linear
- Key Features & Limitations
- 12. Taiga
- Key Features & Limitations
- Top 12 Free Asana Alternatives Comparison
- Finding Freedom Beyond Asana
- Making the Right Choice for Your Team
- Your Action Plan for a Smooth Transition
Slug
free-asana-alternative
Excerpt
Tired of Asana's limits? Find the perfect free asana alternative for your team. We review the top 12 tools for features, limits, and ideal use cases.
Asana is a powerhouse in project management, but its free plan can feel restrictive for growing teams and complex projects. If you've hit the user cap, found critical features locked behind a paywall, or simply feel the platform no longer aligns with your workflow, you're not alone. Many startups, agencies, and solopreneurs are actively searching for a free Asana alternative that offers greater flexibility or a more suitable feature set right out of the box.
This guide is your direct path to finding that replacement. We cut through the marketing fluff to provide a detailed breakdown of the top 12 free project management tools that can genuinely replace Asana. Forget generic feature lists; we're diving deep into the practical realities of each option.
Inside, you will find:
- An honest assessment of each tool's free plan limitations.
- Clear guidance on which platform is best for specific users, like freelancers, agile teams, or visual planners.
- Actionable advice for migrating your data and trialing new software without disrupting your work.
We'll explore everything from ClickUp's all-in-one approach to Trello's visual simplicity and Jira's developer-focused power. Each entry includes screenshots and direct links, so you can see the interface and get started immediately. The perfect free Asana alternative for your team's specific needs is on this list, and we’re here to help you find it efficiently.
1. ClickUp
ClickUp positions itself as an all-in-one work operating system, making it a powerful free Asana alternative for users who want to consolidate multiple tools into a single platform. Beyond robust task management, its "Free Forever" plan includes integrated Docs, Whiteboards, and native chat, eliminating the need to juggle separate apps for notes or team communication. This breadth of features in one place is its primary differentiator from more narrowly focused project managers.
The free plan is generous, offering unlimited tasks and members, making it suitable for growing teams. Users get access to multiple project views, including List, Board, and Calendar. However, key views like Gantt charts, Timelines, and Workload are limited to 100 uses, which is a critical consideration for teams heavily reliant on those planning methods.
Key Features & Limitations
- Project Views: The free plan includes core List, Board, and Calendar views. Advanced views like Gantt and Timeline have a 100-use lifetime limit.
- Integrated Tools: Access to ClickUp Docs, Whiteboards, and in-app Chat are included, promoting a centralized workspace.
- Automations: You receive 100 automations per month, which is useful for creating simple, recurring workflows.
- Storage: The plan is capped at 100MB of file storage, which can be a significant constraint for teams sharing large assets.
While incredibly feature-rich, the platform's extensive customization options can present a steep learning curve for new users. It's best suited for those willing to invest time in setup to build a system that perfectly matches their workflow.
2. Trello
Trello is a popular free Asana alternative renowned for its simplicity and visually intuitive Kanban board interface. Its core strength lies in its board-list-card system, which allows teams to visualize workflows and track task progress with minimal setup. This makes it an excellent choice for individuals, small teams, and those managing straightforward projects who find Asana's structure overly complex for their needs. The platform's ease of use ensures rapid team adoption.
The free plan allows for unlimited cards, members, and activity logs, but it limits teams to 10 boards per workspace. While this is often sufficient for freelancers or small groups, larger teams managing multiple projects may hit this ceiling quickly. The plan also includes a limited number of "Power-Ups," which are integrations that add functionality like custom fields, calendars, and reporting tools to your boards.
Key Features & Limitations
- Boards and Cards: The free plan offers up to 10 boards per workspace with unlimited cards, checklists, and attachments (up to 10MB per file).
- Automations: You get a quota of 250 command runs per month with Butler, Trello's built-in automation tool, to handle simple recurring tasks.
- Power-Ups: The free plan allows you to enable one Power-Up per board, requiring you to choose carefully which extra function is most critical.
- Views: Trello's free version is centered on the Kanban board view. Access to other views like Calendar, Timeline, and Dashboard requires a paid subscription.
Trello excels for users who prioritize visual task management and a gentle learning curve over the comprehensive reporting and portfolio features found in more complex systems. It's ideal for content pipelines, simple event planning, or basic agile sprints.
3. Notion
Notion operates as a flexible, all-in-one workspace, making it a unique free Asana alternative for those who want to blend project management directly with documentation. It functions like a set of digital building blocks, allowing you to create custom systems with interconnected databases, notes, and wikis. This integrated document-and-database approach is its core strength, perfect for teams whose work product and project planning are deeply intertwined.
The free plan is designed for individuals but can be stretched for small teams, offering unlimited pages and blocks. You get full access to its powerful database views, including Boards, Lists, Calendars, and Timelines, which can be configured with relations and rollups to build surprisingly complex trackers. It stands apart from more structured tools, offering a blank canvas that can be as simple or as intricate as you need. To truly master this, you can find valuable insights with these 10 tips to help you get the most out of Notion.
Key Features & Limitations
- Database Views: The free plan includes Board, List, Calendar, and Timeline views with no use limits, a significant advantage over some competitors.
- Customization: Build anything from a simple task list to a full-blown company wiki. Its flexibility is both its greatest strength and a potential challenge.
- Collaboration: The free plan is limited to 10 guests, which restricts its use for larger team collaboration without upgrading.
- API & Integrations: A robust API and a thriving template community allow for extensive customization and connection to other tools. For a deeper look at how it stacks up against other board-based tools, you can compare Notion vs. Trello.
While Notion’s power is immense, it demands an initial investment in setup. Unlike Asana, it doesn’t come with a pre-built project management structure. It’s best for users who enjoy designing their own systems and want a single source of truth for both their project data and their content.
4. Jira Software (Cloud)
Jira Software is the industry-standard project and issue tracker for software teams, making it a powerful free Asana alternative for those in the tech space. Its strength lies in its deep integration with the software development lifecycle. The free plan is specifically built for small, agile teams, offering core features like Scrum and Kanban boards, backlogs for sprint planning, and roadmaps to visualize the big picture. This focus on engineering workflows is its main differentiator from general-purpose tools like Asana.
The free plan supports up to 10 users and offers 2GB of storage, which is more generous than many competitors. It provides the essential framework for teams to manage sprints, track bugs, and monitor progress toward releases. While Asana can be configured for software projects, Jira provides these workflows out of the box with specific issue types (Story, Bug, Epic) and developer tool integrations that are critical for technical teams.
Key Features & Limitations
- Agile Views: Includes fully functional Scrum and Kanban boards, along with backlogs and basic roadmaps, at no cost.
- Developer Integrations: Offers tight connections to developer tools like Bitbucket, GitHub, and GitLab, allowing teams to link commits, branches, and pull requests directly to Jira issues.
- Customization: Workflows and issue types are customizable, allowing teams to adapt the tool to their specific processes.
- User and Storage Limits: The free plan is strictly limited to 10 users and 2GB of file storage. Advanced features like project permissions and audit logs are only available on paid tiers.
While Jira is a top choice for engineering, it can feel overly complex and rigid for marketing, HR, or other non-technical teams. Its terminology and structure are best suited for those already familiar with agile methodologies.
5. Wrike
Wrike establishes itself as a mature work management platform, offering a structured environment that makes it a solid free Asana alternative for teams needing clear process and visibility. Its free plan is designed for centralized task management, providing essential tools without the overwhelming customization of some competitors. The main draw is its blend of structured project views and straightforward task organization, catering to teams that have outgrown simple to-do lists but don't need complex, enterprise-level features yet.
The free plan supports unlimited users and provides core project management capabilities, including task and subtask management accessible via web, desktop, and mobile apps. While it lacks the advanced reporting and automations of its paid tiers, its inclusion of both Board and Table views gives teams flexibility in how they visualize work. The platform's user interface can feel more traditional or "heavier" compared to newer, more minimalist tools, but it offers a clear path for growth into a powerful system for cross-departmental collaboration if your organization scales.
Key Features & Limitations
- Project Views: The free plan includes a Kanban Board view and a spreadsheet-like Table view, offering basic visual flexibility for task tracking.
- Task Management: Provides fundamental task and subtask creation with assignees and due dates, available across all its apps.
- Storage: You get 2 GB of storage space per account, which is more generous than several other free plans and suitable for teams sharing documents and smaller files.
- Integrations: Limited to key cloud storage integrations (Google Drive, Dropbox, Box, OneDrive) and Office 365 on the free plan.
Wrike is best for small teams or departments that need a no-cost, organized system with a clear upgrade path. It excels at providing a structured foundation for task management without the steep learning curve associated with more feature-dense platforms.
6. Airtable
Airtable presents a unique proposition as a free Asana alternative, blending the familiarity of a spreadsheet with the power of a relational database. It functions as a flexible, no-code platform where you build your own project management system. Instead of being locked into a predefined structure, you create "bases" (databases) that can be molded into project trackers, content calendars, or complex roadmaps, making it ideal for teams with non-standard workflows.
The free plan is designed for individuals or small teams getting started, offering unlimited bases. The power lies in linking records between different tables, for example, connecting a content calendar to a writer database. This relational capability is what sets it apart from both traditional spreadsheets and many project management tools. However, the free plan has strict usage caps that teams will hit quickly.
Key Features & Limitations
- Views: The free plan includes essential views like Grid (spreadsheet), Calendar, Kanban, Form, and Gallery. The more advanced Timeline and Gantt views are limited to a 14-day trial.
- Records & Storage: Free plans are limited to 1,000 records (tasks or items) per base and 1GB of attachments per base. This can be a major constraint for long-term or asset-heavy projects.
- Automations: You get 100 automations per month, which is enough to handle basic notifications or status updates.
- Collaboration: Real-time collaboration is a core feature, but advanced permissions and administrative controls are reserved for paid tiers.
Airtable is best suited for data-driven teams, like content operations or marketing, who need to track interconnected information. Its spreadsheet-like interface makes it approachable, but mastering its database functions requires a different mindset than a typical task manager.
7. MeisterTask
MeisterTask presents itself as a beautifully designed, intuitive free Asana alternative, focusing heavily on Kanban-style project management. Its main strength lies in simplicity and ease of adoption, making it a top choice for teams that find more complex tools like Asana or ClickUp overwhelming. The clean interface and visual workflow allow users to get started quickly, with minimal setup required.
The platform is particularly accommodating for those migrating from similar tools, offering a direct import feature for both Asana and Trello projects. Its free "Basic" plan provides unlimited tasks, project members, and a customizable project board, which is sufficient for small teams or individuals managing simple workflows. However, the limit of three active projects can be a significant constraint for anyone juggling multiple initiatives. This focus on core Kanban functionality positions it differently from platforms like Airtable or Notion that offer more database-like flexibility, a comparison you can explore further when choosing your ideal toolset.
Key Features & Limitations
- Project Views: The free plan is centered around a core Kanban board view. You are limited to a maximum of 3 projects.
- Integrated Tools: Includes up to 5 free notes with its companion app, MindMeister, and offers native desktop and mobile applications for access on any device.
- Automations: The free plan does not include automations, which are reserved for paid tiers. All workflows must be managed manually.
- Storage: File attachments are limited to 20MB per file, with no overall storage cap mentioned for the free plan.
MeisterTask is an excellent choice for non-technical teams who value an attractive, straightforward interface over an extensive feature set. Its ISO 27001 certification and GDPR compliance also provide peace of mind for security-conscious organizations.
8. Quire
Quire distinguishes itself with a unique "nested task list" approach, making it an excellent free Asana alternative for teams that thrive on breaking down complex projects into granular sub-tasks. Its core philosophy is to let you brain-dump ideas into a hierarchical outline first, then visualize and manage that work on a Kanban board. This outliner-to-board workflow is perfect for detailed project planning before execution begins.
The free plan is quite generous for its target audience, offering up to 10 members, 1 organization, and 30 projects. Its clean, minimalist interface presents a low learning curve, allowing teams to get started quickly without feeling overwhelmed. While it doesn't have the extensive feature set of some larger platforms, it masters its core competency: hierarchical task management.
Key Features & Limitations
- Core Views: The free plan provides the signature nested Task List and a full-featured Kanban Board, allowing you to switch between outlining and visual workflow management.
- Collaboration: You can have up to 10 members per organization, making it suitable for small teams and startups.
- Storage & Attachments: The free plan comes with 500MB of total storage, with a file upload limit of 5MB per file. This can be restrictive for teams sharing high-resolution mockups or videos.
- Integrations: While it offers API access, its list of native integrations is smaller than some competitors, focusing on essentials like Slack, GitHub, and Google Drive.
Quire is best for planning-oriented teams and individuals who think in outlines and appreciate a straightforward, uncluttered user experience. It's an ideal choice if you find other tools too complex and just need a powerful way to organize nested tasks.
9. Freedcamp
Freedcamp stands out as a budget-friendly free Asana alternative by offering one of the most generous free tiers available. It provides unlimited projects, tasks, users, and storage, making it an excellent choice for teams and small businesses that need a comprehensive project management suite without worrying about hitting user or project caps. The platform organizes work through a core set of applications including Tasks, Discussions, Files, Milestones, and even Time Tracking.
Unlike competitors that restrict core functionality, Freedcamp’s model is built around offering a solid foundation for free and then allowing users to purchase add-ons or upgrade for more advanced features like Reports, a CRM, or a Wiki. This makes it scalable for businesses on a tight budget. However, the user interface feels less polished than some modern competitors, and advanced views like Gantt charts are part of the paid plans.
Key Features & Limitations
- Generous Free Plan: The primary benefit is unlimited projects, tasks, users, and storage, which is almost unheard of in the project management space.
- Core Apps: The free version includes essential tools like a Calendar, Milestones for major deadlines, and native Time Tracking.
- Limited Advanced Features: More powerful capabilities such as Gantt charts, Issue Tracking, and Invoicing are gated behind paid plans or individual add-ons.
- User Interface: The UI is functional but can feel dated compared to the sleeker designs of newer platforms, which might affect user adoption.
Freedcamp is ideal for SMBs, nonprofits, and freelancers who need a full-featured system for unlimited users without an immediate financial commitment. It’s a practical choice if you can work with a simpler interface and don't need advanced reporting or Gantt charts from day one.
10. monday.com Work Management
monday.com presents its platform as a highly visual "Work OS" and stands out as a free Asana alternative due to its polished user interface and intuitive board-based system. Its primary strength lies in making project data easy to understand at a glance through colorful, customizable tables. For individuals or duos, the free plan offers a structured way to manage tasks and simple projects without the complexity of more feature-dense tools.
The "Free Individual" plan is tailored for personal use or pairs of collaborators, not growing teams. Its strict limitation of two users and a maximum of three boards makes it a focused tool for freelancers or partners tracking specific initiatives. While you get access to core features like customizable boards and over 200 templates, you will quickly hit a wall if you need advanced reporting or team-wide collaboration.
Key Features & Limitations
- User & Board Limits: The free plan is strictly limited to 2 users (seats) and only 3 boards in total, which is a major constraint for any team-based work.
- Core Features: You get access to customizable boards, unlimited docs, and 8+ column types to structure your work. iOS and Android apps are also included.
- Templates: Over 200 templates are available to help you quickly set up boards for marketing, operations, and other common workflows.
- Advanced Features: Key tools for team management, such as advanced views (Gantt, Timeline), automations, integrations, and dashboards for reporting, are reserved for paid plans.
monday.com is best for individuals who appreciate a clean, visual approach to task tracking. Its free offering serves as an excellent entry point to its ecosystem, but users should anticipate needing to upgrade as soon as their team or project complexity grows.
11. Linear
Linear is an opinionated and fast issue tracker designed specifically for modern product and engineering teams. As a free Asana alternative, it excels by offering a highly streamlined, keyboard-driven experience focused on shipping software efficiently. Instead of general-purpose project management, it provides a structured system of cycles (sprints), roadmaps, and issues that aligns teams around product development goals.
The free plan is well-suited for small startups or individual developers, offering unlimited members and core features like cycles and roadmaps. Its biggest appeal is the delightful, performant interface that feels incredibly quick in daily use. The platform’s strict methodology is its main differentiator; it guides teams toward a specific way of working rather than offering limitless customization.
Key Features & Limitations
- Core Workflow: Free access to Issues, Cycles, and Roadmaps to manage development sprints and long-term planning.
- Integrations: Includes essential integrations with GitHub, GitLab, and Slack to connect code and communication directly to tasks.
- Issue & User Caps: The free plan is limited to 250 issues (archive doesn't count) and one team, making it suitable for very small or new projects.
- AI Features: Provides a limited number of "AI Triage" actions to help automate issue sorting, with more available on paid plans.
Linear is an excellent choice for software teams that value speed and a prescribed, effective workflow over the flexibility of a generalist tool like Asana. It is not ideal for marketing, sales, or other business functions that require different project structures.
12. Taiga
Taiga is an open-source project management platform specifically designed for Agile methodologies, making it a powerful free Asana alternative for development teams. Its primary strength lies in its focused Scrum and Kanban features and its open-source nature, which allows for complete data control via self-hosting. This gives organizations the option to run the software on their own servers for free, avoiding per-user fees and platform limitations entirely.
While the self-hosted version offers unlimited potential, Taiga also provides a managed cloud service. The free cloud tier is quite limited, intended more as a trial, allowing only 1 private project with up to 3 members and 300MB of storage. For teams committed to Agile principles who value data sovereignty and want to escape the vendor lock-in common with other tools, the on-premise option is Taiga's defining feature.
Key Features & Limitations
- Agile Focus: Purpose-built for Scrum and Kanban with features like epics, user stories, sprints, and backlogs. It avoids the feature bloat of all-in-one tools.
- Open-Source & Self-Hosting: The ability to host Taiga on-premise provides full data ownership, customization, and no per-user costs.
- Cloud Plan Limitations: The "Free" cloud plan is restrictive, best for very small projects or evaluating the platform before committing to a paid or self-hosted setup.
- Integrations: Has fewer out-of-the-box integrations compared to commercial giants, often relying on its API or community-built connections for third-party tool support.
Taiga is best suited for software development teams or any group that strictly follows Agile workflows and prioritizes an open-source, customizable solution over a wide array of built-in integrations.
Top 12 Free Asana Alternatives Comparison
Tool | Core features | UX / Quality (★) | Price & Value (💰) | Best fit (👥) | Notion/Sotion fit & Unique (✨🏆) |
ClickUp | Multi-view PM, Docs, Automations, Time tracking | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Free tier; paid per-seat, complex addons | 👥 Teams wanting breadth (docs + tasks) | ✨ All‑in‑one work OS; 🏆 templates & automation power |
Trello | Boards, Cards, Checklists, Power‑Ups, Butler | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Very friendly free; limits on automations/power‑ups | 👥 Small teams & visual workflows | ✨ Easiest Kanban; huge Power‑Up marketplace |
Notion | Databases, Docs, Templates, Lightweight PM | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Free for individuals; paid team plans | 👥 Creators and teams with Notion content | 🏆 Native source for Sotion — publish Notion pages ✨ |
Jira Software | Scrum/Kanban, Backlogs, Custom workflows | ★★★☆☆ | 💰 Free up to 10 users; enterprise pricing | 👥 Engineering/product teams | ✨ Deep dev integrations; 🏆 industry standard for software |
Wrike | Boards, Tables, Request forms, Cross‑team PM | ★★★☆☆ | 💰 Free basics; paid for advanced governance | 👥 Cross‑functional teams needing structure | ✨ Enterprise path & visibility for scaling teams |
Airtable | Relational bases, Views, Automations, Interfaces | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Free limited; paid for higher limits & interfaces | 👥 Content ops, product trackers & analysts | ✨ Spreadsheet + DB flexibility; strong integrations |
MeisterTask | Simple Kanban, Imports, Mobile & Desktop apps | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Free limited projects; paid for automations/reporting | 👥 Non‑technical teams & quick adopters | ✨ Easy onboarding; ISO‑certified reliability 🏆 |
Quire | Nested tasks/outlines + Kanban, Custom fields | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Generous free; paid for storage/scaling | 👥 Teams needing deep task hierarchies | ✨ Nested lists → clear breakdowns before boards |
Freedcamp | Tasks, Discussions, Files, Milestones, Time | ★★★☆☆ | 💰 Extremely generous free tier; paid add‑ons | 👥 SMBs on a budget & large user counts | ✨ Unlimited free users/projects; cost‑effective 🏆 |
monday.com | Visual boards, Automations, Templates, Dashboards | ★★★★☆ | 💰 Free tiny plan; paid to scale seats/features | 👥 Marketing & ops teams needing templates | ✨ Polished UI & dashboards; wide integrations 🏆 |
Linear | Issues, Cycles, Roadmaps, Git/Slack integra. | ★★★★★ | 💰 Free for small teams; paid for enterprise needs | 👥 Startups & fast engineering teams | ✨ Extremely fast, keyboard‑driven UX 🏆 |
Taiga | Scrum & Kanban, Epics, Sprints; Open‑source | ★★★☆☆ | 💰 Self‑host free; managed cloud paid | 👥 Teams wanting self‑hosting & data ownership | ✨ Open‑source control & on‑prem option 🏆 |
Finding Freedom Beyond Asana
Leaving a familiar platform like Asana can feel like a major undertaking, but as this guide has demonstrated, the world of project management is filled with outstanding, cost-free options. The search for a free Asana alternative is not about finding a one-to-one clone. Instead, it’s an opportunity to discover a tool that aligns more precisely with your team's unique workflow, communication style, and growth ambitions.
We've explored a wide spectrum of platforms, from all-in-one powerhouses to specialized solutions. For teams seeking a feature-rich environment that can scale, ClickUp and monday.com's free plans offer a compelling starting point. If your workflow is visually driven and thrives on simplicity, the Kanban-centric approaches of Trello and MeisterTask are hard to beat. Conversely, software development teams will find the Agile-native structures of Jira and Linear to be a natural fit, providing the rigor needed for sprints and backlogs.
Making the Right Choice for Your Team
The "best" tool is ultimately subjective. Your decision should be guided by a clear-eyed assessment of your team's most critical needs. Don't be swayed by an exhaustive feature list if your team only requires a simple, shared to-do list.
To make a confident choice, revisit the core questions we discussed earlier:
- What is our primary work style? Are you Kanban-focused, do you run sprints, or do you need a mix of views like Gantt charts and calendars?
- What is our biggest pain point with Asana? Identify the specific limitation you're trying to solve. Is it the task limit, the lack of certain views, or a confusing interface? Your chosen alternative should directly address this.
- What are our must-have features? List your non-negotiables, such as specific integrations, robust reporting, or advanced custom fields. Cross-reference this list against the free plan limitations of your top contenders.
- How much complexity can we handle? A tool like Notion or Airtable offers incredible flexibility but comes with a steeper learning curve. A simpler option like Quire or Trello allows for faster adoption.
Your Action Plan for a Smooth Transition
Once you've shortlisted two or three potential candidates, the next step is practical evaluation. Resist the urge to migrate your entire team's workload at once. Instead, start small to validate your choice and build momentum.
- Run a Pilot Project: Select a small, low-stakes project and run it entirely within your chosen alternative. This real-world test is the most effective way to uncover a tool's strengths and weaknesses.
- Involve a Champion: Designate one or two team members to become early experts. They can help test the platform, document best practices, and later assist with onboarding the rest of the team.
- Test the Migration Path: Before committing, try importing a small batch of tasks from a CSV file exported from Asana. This will reveal any potential friction in the migration process and help you estimate the effort required for a full switch.
Choosing to move away from Asana is a proactive step toward refining your team's operational efficiency. The market is rich with platforms ready to support your goals without demanding a subscription fee. By taking a structured, methodical approach to your evaluation, you can confidently select and implement a free Asana alternative that not only meets your current needs but also empowers your team to do its best work for years to come.
Is your team already using Notion as its central hub? Supercharge your workspace with Sotion. Our platform allows you to build a custom, branded website or member portal directly on top of your Notion pages in minutes. It's the perfect way to turn your internal project plans, knowledge bases, or client dashboards into professional, shareable resources. Explore Sotion and unlock the full potential of your Notion setup.
_circle.png)
Written by
Meet Bruce, the founder behind Sotion, and explore his vision on enhancing Notion Pages. Get a glimpse of the journey and the future roadmap of Sotion.